Limited Recognition: Women, Culinary Labor, and Social Esteem in Pariaman's Ramadan Traditions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31330/penamas.v39i1.1080Keywords:
Maanta Pabukoan, Malamang, Social Recognition, Limited Recognition, Symbolic CapitalAbstract
Penelitian ini mengkaji dua tradisi Ramadan di Pariaman—maanta pabukoan dan malamang—sebagai arena pengakuan sosial bagi perempuan dalam masyarakat matrilineal yang religius. Berbeda dari kajian terdahulu yang menyoroti kohesi sosial atau otoritas perempuan Minangkabau lewat harta pusaka dan garis keturunan. Penelitian ini menelaah bagaimana praktik keagamaan-kuliner sehari-hari mendistribusikan penghargaan bagi perempuan, serta apakah penghargaan tersebut sejalan atau berbeda dengan kedudukan matrilineal mereka. Penelitian yang menggunakan metode kualitatif ini menghimpun data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Secara analitis, penelitian ini menggabungkan teori pengakuan Axel Honneth (ranah penghargaan sosial) dengan konsep modal simbolik Pierre Bourdieu. Temuan menunjukkan kedua tradisi merupakan arena distribusi pengakuan: perempuan memperoleh legitimasi sosial melalui keahlian kuliner, kompetensi domestik, dan perannya menjaga solidaritas keluarga serta kohesi komunitas Ramadan. Penelitian ini mengusulkan konsep "pengakuan terbatas"—legitimasi nyata di ruang publik, namun bersyarat pada performa gender normatif dan diraih lewat dapur, bukan diberikan tanpa syarat. Dengan demikian, kedudukan perempuan Minangkabau sekaligus diberdayakan oleh adat dan dibatasi oleh ekspektasi gender keagamaan.
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