Retraction

Correction and Retraction Policy

Penamas corrects or retracts published articles when there is sufficient evidence of a problem that affects their reliability, originality, or ethical integrity. The purpose of these actions is to correct the scholarly record and keep it transparent, not to punish authors. This policy follows the COPE Retraction Guidelines and works together with the Research Misconduct, Publication Ethics, Plagiarism Notice, and Post-Publication Discussion pages.

1. Types of action

Correction (correction, erratum, or corrigendum): used when an error does not make the main findings or conclusions unreliable.
Retraction: used when academic integrity has been violated, or a serious error makes the data, findings, or conclusions unreliable.
Withdrawal: used when a manuscript has not yet been published as an official article.

2. Grounds

Correction may be issued for errors in data, figures, tables, citations, author names or affiliations, funding or ethical statements, and other mistakes that do not undermine the conclusions.

Retraction may be issued when:

the findings are shown to be unreliable, either through misconduct (e.g. data fabrication or falsification) or honest error (e.g. miscalculation or experimental error);
the findings were previously published elsewhere without proper cross-referencing, permission, or justification (redundant publication);
the article contains plagiarism;
the article reports unethical research, including research without the required ethical clearance or consent;
authorship was unauthorized, or a conflict of interest that affected the work was concealed; or
the review process was compromised, for example by manipulated or conflicted peer review.

3. Authority

The Editor-in-Chief decides on a correction, retraction, or withdrawal together with the editorial board, based on the findings of the procedure below. Editors who have a conflict of interest regarding the article, the authors, or the person raising the concern take no part in the decision. If the Editor-in-Chief is the person concerned, the matter is referred to the head of the publishing institution, Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Agama Jakarta.

4. Procedure

Receipt. A concern may come from readers, authors, reviewers, editors, or institutions, or may be found by the editors themselves. Concerns of misconduct follow the Research Misconduct policy. Concerns about errors follow the Post-Publication Discussion policy.
Initial check. Within 14 days, the editors confirm that the concern is supported by sufficient evidence.
Clarification. The corresponding author, and where relevant the co-authors, are asked to respond in writing and provide supporting data within 30 days.
Investigation. Where needed, a panel of at least two editors or independent experts, with no conflict of interest, examines the evidence. The authors’ institution may be consulted.
Decision. The decision, with its reasons, is normally made within 90 days of the start of the investigation. The authors and the person who raised the concern are informed.
Action and publication of the notice. The journal carries out the action and publishes the notice described in section 5.

Authors who find a significant error in their own published work must notify the journal promptly. Corrective action taken independently, in good time, and transparently is taken into account when the journal decides on its response.

5. Notices

Every correction, retraction, or withdrawal is accompanied by a notice that is openly available on the journal website without login. Each notice states:

the article concerned (title, authors, volume, issue, and DOI);
the type of action;
the reason for the action; and
the party that decided on the action, and the date.

The notice is linked to the article, and the article is linked back to the notice. The status of the article is updated in its DOI and in the relevant metadata. A correction is published as a separate notice, and the corrected article states the date and nature of the change. The journal does not alter or remove a published article without a public notice.